![[dr. bob]](/dr-bob-sm.gif)
Dr. Bob is Robert Hsiung, MD,
bob@dr-bob.orgShown: posts 1 to 25 of 98. This is the beginning of the thread.
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:53
Allright guys, i posted this on several message boards because i beleive that lisuride has incredible potential for anhodonia, social anxiety, depression etc.
Lets take a look at its pharmacological profile:
[QUOTE]Mode of actionLisuride is a dopamine and serotonin receptor partial agonist. It has a high affinity for the dopamine D2, D3 and D4 receptors, as well as serotonin 5-HT1A[1] and 5-HT2A/C receptors.[2] While lisuride has a similar receptor binding profile to the more well-known and chemically similar ergoloid N,N-diethyl-lysergamide (LSD), it lacks the psychedelic effects of its sister compound.[3][/QUOTE]
While its only a partional agonist, this looks pretty interesting to me, does anyone have the percentage of intrinsic activity?[QUOTE][Anxiolytic effects of lisuride and its agonistic action to central 5-HT1A receptors]
[Article in Japanese]Akai T, Takahashi M, Nakada Y, Ohnishi R, Ikoma Y, Yamaguchi M.
Research Department, Nihon Schering K.K., Osaka, Japan.
Abstract
Effects of lisuride, a derivative of ergot alkaloid, on central 5-HT1A receptors were investigated biochemically, behaviorally and electroencephalographically (EEG) in rats and rabbits. Effects of lisuride in water-lick conflict tests were also investigated in rats. Lisuride was found to strongly inhibit the bindings of [3H]8-OH-DPAT to 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nucleus, hippocampus, cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus of rat brain. Inhibitory effects of lisuride on bindings of [3H]8-OH-DPAT in the hippocampus was almost the same as that of 5-HT (Ki = 0.5 nM) and stronger than those of the 5-HT agonist 5-MeO-DMT (Ki = 2.1 nM) or other ergot derivatives (bromocriptine and pergolide, Ki = 3.0 nM). Lisuride (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), like 8-OH-DPAT, dose-dependently induced a 5-HT behavioral syndrome in rats. Lisuride affected locomotor activity in rats, whereas 8-OH-DPAT did not. In hippocampal EEG of rabbits, lisuride (0.01-0.03 mg/kg, i.v.), like 8-OH-DPAT and diazepam, dose-dependently inhibited rhythmical slow activity (RSA) induced by acoustical stimulation (3100 Hz) and also inhibited the RSA increased by administration of anxiogenic FG7142. In water-lick conflict tests, lisuride (0.05-0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), like diazepam, increased the number of shocks. These findings indicated that lisuride acts as a strong agonist on central 5-HT1A receptors and suggested that lisuride might be a potential anxiolytic.[/QUOTE][quote][Therapeutic effect of lisuride maleate on post-stroke depression]
[Article in Japanese]Hougaku H, Matsumoto M, Hata R, Handa N, Imaizumi M, Sugitani Y, Yoneda S, Etani H, Sueyoshi K, Kusunoki M, et al.
First Department of Medicine, Osaka University Medical School.
Abstract
Twenty post-stroke depressive patients who obtained more than 11 points on Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression, were treated with 0.075 mg/day lisuride maleate for 12 weeks. The drug effect on depression was evaluated quantitatively by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The relationships between brain CT or MRI and SRQ-D score were investigated in 24 subjects. More than 80% of post-stroke depressive patients improved after lisuride maleate treatment for 8 or 12 weeks. In particular, depressed mood, hypobulia, sleep disturbance, anxiety, etc. were significantly improved compared to the baseline condition. As for the relationships with CT and/or MRI findings, the group with moderate to severe brain atrophy had a significantly higher grade of depressive state than those without.[/quote]
80% of the patients recovered, wich is quite remarkable.It makes sense tough since its pharmacological profile is nearly perfect when it comes to depression, combined 5HT2A, 5HT1A, 5HT2C (strangely agonism of this receptor is antidepressive) D2, D3, D4 agonism.
[QUOTE] Indeed, 8-OH-DPAT induced spontaneous 'tail-flicks' in the absence of external stimulation. This property was shared by lisuride and LSD, which also have high intrinsic activity at 5-HT1A sites. [/QUOTE]
[url]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2533334[/url]High intrinsic activity sounds good.
[QUOTE]Re-evaluation of lisuride pharmacology: 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor-mediated behavioral effects overlap its other properties in rats
(1) Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA,
Received: 11 February 2002 Accepted: 29 April 2002Abstract
Rationale. There is substantial evidence that lisuride can produce effects linked to 5-HT1A receptor occupancy. Nevertheless, this action has generally been ignored in the mechanism of action of lisuride, in favor of an exclusive role for dopamine receptors in considering its antiparkinsonian effects, or an exclusive role of 5-HT2A/2C receptor activation in hallucinogenesis. These conclusions are surprising when one considers that the potent interaction of lisuride with 5-HT1A receptors has been demonstrated in several different laboratories and that activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors can modulate dopaminergically mediated responses.
Objective. The lack of full substitution of lisuride for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in drug discrimination experiments and induction of a pronounced 5-HT syndrome by this compound at relatively low doses convinced us to execute two series of experiments that might explain the primary mechanism responsible for lisuride-mediated biological effects and its paradoxical classification as a dopamine agonist in the literature.
Results. In drug discrimination studies, lisuride fully mimicked the 5-HT1A agonist LY 293284, only partially substituted for LSD and DOI, and failed to substitute for ( )-amphetamine. Lisuride produced a significant dose-related increase in flat body posture, forepaw treading, and lower-lip retraction which reflect a modulation of behavior by action at central 5-HT1A receptors. Only pMPPI [4-iodo-N-[2-[4-(methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridynyl-benzamide hydrochloride], a selective 5-HT1A antagonist, was effective in inhibiting all 5-HT syndrome behaviors produced by lisuride, whereas pMPPI was without effect on any behavior induced by LSD. Lisuride dose dependently decreased body temperature in rats with a potency similar to that of the selective 5-HT1A agonist LY 293284. The hypothermic effect of lisuride was prevented by pre-injection of pMPPI, but not by ketanserin or haloperidol.
Conclusion. We have demonstrated that the behavioral effects of low doses of lisuride are clearly mediated by stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors.[/QUOTE][quote]lisuride: 4.00 5ht1a, 3.88 Alpha2C, 3.78 Alpha2B, 3.22 Alpha2A, 3.01 5ht2b, 2.99 5ht5a, 2.90 D4, 2.74 5ht2a, 2.65 D2, 2.64 5ht7, 2.61 5ht6, 2.56 Beta1, 2.27 5ht1b, 2.09 Alpha1A, 1.93 Beta2, 1.83 5ht1e, 1.59 D5, 1.42 H2, 1.34 D3, 1.08 Alpha1B; 0.00: 5ht1d, 5ht2c, D1, DAT, NET, Imidazoline1, M1, SERT, CB2, KOR, MOR, M3, M2, M5, M4, CB1, Ca Channel; ND: Sigma1, H1, Sigma2, DOR, NMDA[/quote]
[url="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009019"]http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10...al.pone.0009019[/url]I dont know how to read those affinities tough.
They dont clarify wheter its a agonist or antagonist, just the affinities.
While it seems to bind with the 5HT2B receptors, it acts as antagonist on them.
[quote]Lisuride, a dopamine receptor agonist with 5-HT2B receptor antagonist properties: absence of cardiac valvulopathy adverse drug reaction reports supports the concept of a crucial role for 5-HT2B receptor agonism in cardiac valvular fibrosis.
Hofmann C, Penner U, Dorow R, Pertz HH, Jähnichen S, Horowski R, Latté KP, Palla D, Schurad B.Global Medical Safety, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. [email]christoph.hofmann@schering.de[/email]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The high incidence of fibrotic cardiac valvulopathies reported in association with the 8beta-ergoline dopamine (DA) agonist, pergolide, and also case reports for cabergoline and bromocriptine have made it necessary to review the theoretical basis and actual findings in the case of another DA agonist, the 8alpha-ergoline lisuride (used since the 1970s for migraine prophylaxis as well as since the 1980s for its prolactin-lowering and anti-Parkinson activity). METHODS: We have reviewed the pharmacology of lisuride in relation to other DA agonists, and we have performed a throughout literature search as well as a search of our own and other adverse drug reaction databases for a possible relationship of lisuride with cardiac valvulopathy or for any reports of fibrosis in other locations. RESULTS: Our review of the pharmacology and the literature strongly suggests that drug-induced cardiac valvulopathies are always related to a stimulatory drug effect on trophic 5-HT(2B) receptors. As lisuride is devoid of such an effect, but on the contrary is an extremely potent 5-HT(2B) antagonist, an association of lisuride therapy with cardiac valvulopathies seems to be highly unlikely. In agreement with this hypothesis, not a single report of a cardiac valvulopathy associated with lisuride therapy has been identified in any database so far.Furthermore, against a background of an estimated 360,000 patient years, we have found only a very small number of cases of any other form of fibrosis (1x retroperitoneal, 2x pleural, 2x pulmonary, 1x interstitial pulmonary changes), in part combined with other risk factors and confounding variables. This closely matches 4 reports available from WHO (1x retroperitoneal, 3x pleural fibrosis). In addition, only 5 other possibly related conditions (3x pleural effusion, 1x pleuritis, 1x pericarditis) were identified in the lisuride adverse drug reaction database of Schering, Berlin. CONCLUSIONS: No link has been found between lisuride use and fibrotic cardiac valvulopathy, in agreement with the 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist effect of this drug. The very low incidence of spontaneous reports of any other fibrosis could be even compatible with an association by chance in the population exposed to lisuride. Although close monitoring for this kind of side effects is still to be recommended in the therapy with lisuride, our data do not support the concept of a class effect suggesting that all ergot-derived drugs and especially DA receptor agonists with some chemical similarity to the ergot structure will cause or facilitate cardiac valvulopathies as observed with pergolide.[/quote]Also the findings that it interacts with several adrenergic receptors and 5HT6 and 5HT7 is interesting.
EDIT:
[quote]It is also useful to present the npKi data of Fig. S2 in numerical format. In the listing below, the npKi values for each drug are arranged in decreasing order. A value of 0.00 means that the Ki value was measured as >10,000 nm. ND indicates that the data is not available. The 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors are also highlighted in bold font for easier location. [b]npKi values below about 2.0 should be imperceptible, while values above about 2.0 should be perceptible, and the higher the npKi value, the more perceptible a receptor should be.[/b][/quote]
So basicly, this is what counts:
lisuride: 4.00 5ht1a, 3.88 Alpha2C, 3.78 Alpha2B, 3.22 Alpha2A, 3.01 5ht2b, 2.99 5ht5a, 2.90 D4, 2.74 5ht2a, 2.65 D2, 2.64 5ht7, 2.61 5ht6, 2.56 Beta1, 2.27 5ht1b, 2.09 Alpha1A,So, what i gathered
Lisuride is a:
5HT1A agonist
5HT1B agonist
5HT2A agonist
5HT2C agonist
5HT6 agonist
5HT7 antagonist
5HT5A didnt find yet
D2 agonist
D4 agonistAccording to the journal not significant:
5ht1e
D5
H2
D3Other adronergic receptors not sure yet.
[QUOTE][Effects in animal models of depression of lisuride alone and upon coadministration with antidepressants]
[Article in Japanese]Nakamura K, Ikoma Y, Kimura K, Nakada Y, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi M, Nakagawa H.
Research Department, Nihon Schering K.K., Osaka, Japan.
Abstract
Effects of lisuride, a central dopamine and serotonin agonist of the ergot type, in animal models of depression were investigated in comparison with those of desipramine, mianserin and rolipram. Lisuride, like desipramine and mianserin, inhibited reserpine-induced hypothermia in mice (0.5-5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and suppressed muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats (ED50 = 0.16 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-muricidal effect was slightly enhanced by the repeated administration of 0.25 mg/kg lisuride. Lisuride (0.05-0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), like desipramine, dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility in rats forced to swim, and this effect was antagonized by haloperidol. The reduction of immobility time was enhanced by the repeated administration of lisuride; at the same time, the ambulation in rats increased. Furthermore, the immobility-reducing effects of desipramine and rolipram were markedly enhanced by the co-administration of a low dose of lisuride (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.), which by itself had no effect on the immobility time. These results indicate that lisuride may be useful for the treatment of depression and indicate that a low dose of lisuride may enhance the clinical effectiveness of antidepressants such as desipramine.[/QUOTE]
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:56
In reply to Lisuride, incredible potential, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 7:18:25
Correction, lisuride doesnt appear to be a 5HT2C agonist in the human recepteromone.
Posted by Jeroen on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:56
In reply to Re: Lisuride, incredible potential, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 7:20:54
so it's an anti psychotic, a new one??
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:57
In reply to to crazymed, posted by Jeroen on May 23, 2010, at 7:55:28
No its a dopamine agonist, a pretty old one wich is used for parkinson.
Its a powerfull 5HT1A agonist with a high intrinsic activity, wich makes it have incredible potential for anxiety and depression. 5HT2A agonism can be bad for anxiety in SOME brainarea's, but as with the case of lisuride, the 5HT1A agonism completely prevents that. The 5HT2A agonism would increase dopamine in the mesolimbic area's, wich would make it very usefull for anhedonia.
5HT6 agonism and 5HT7 antagonism are very usefull too and then we have the D2 and D4 agonism, wich further contributes to the antidepressant effect.
Posted by ed_uk2010 on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:57
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 8:35:11
Interesting. Is lisuride still available in the US? It was discontinued in the UK quite some time ago.
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:57
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by ed_uk2010 on May 23, 2010, at 9:25:24
Hmm i'm not sure about that.
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:58
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 9:39:35
> Hmm i'm not sure about that.
Perhaps there is some concern regarding cardiac problems (valvulopathy). It is a 5-HT1b agonist, right? You might want to check on that to be sure.
- Scott
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:58
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 9:56:47
> > Hmm i'm not sure about that.
>
> Perhaps there is some concern regarding cardiac problems (valvulopathy). It is a 5-HT1b agonist, right? You might want to check on that to be sure.
>
>
> - ScottIt does not cause cardiovalcular issues, its actually a VERY powerfull 5HT2B antagonist (5HT2B agonism is what causes problems)
Lisuride, a dopamine receptor agonist with 5-HT2B receptor antagonist properties: absence of cardiac valvulopathy adverse drug reaction reports supports the concept of a crucial role for 5-HT2B receptor agonism in cardiac valvular fibrosis.
Hofmann C, Penner U, Dorow R, Pertz HH, Jähnichen S, Horowski R, Latté KP, Palla D, Schurad B.Global Medical Safety, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. [email]christoph.hofmann@schering.de[/email]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The high incidence of fibrotic cardiac valvulopathies reported in association with the 8beta-ergoline dopamine (DA) agonist, pergolide, and also case reports for cabergoline and bromocriptine have made it necessary to review the theoretical basis and actual findings in the case of another DA agonist, the 8alpha-ergoline lisuride (used since the 1970s for migraine prophylaxis as well as since the 1980s for its prolactin-lowering and anti-Parkinson activity). METHODS: We have reviewed the pharmacology of lisuride in relation to other DA agonists, and we have performed a throughout literature search as well as a search of our own and other adverse drug reaction databases for a possible relationship of lisuride with cardiac valvulopathy or for any reports of fibrosis in other locations. RESULTS: Our review of the pharmacology and the literature strongly suggests that drug-induced cardiac valvulopathies are always related to a stimulatory drug effect on trophic 5-HT(2B) receptors. As lisuride is devoid of such an effect, but on the contrary is an extremely potent 5-HT(2B) antagonist, an association of lisuride therapy with cardiac valvulopathies seems to be highly unlikely. In agreement with this hypothesis, not a single report of a cardiac valvulopathy associated with lisuride therapy has been identified in any database so far.Furthermore, against a background of an estimated 360,000 patient years, we have found only a very small number of cases of any other form of fibrosis (1x retroperitoneal, 2x pleural, 2x pulmonary, 1x interstitial pulmonary changes), in part combined with other risk factors and confounding variables. This closely matches 4 reports available from WHO (1x retroperitoneal, 3x pleural fibrosis). In addition, only 5 other possibly related conditions (3x pleural effusion, 1x pleuritis, 1x pericarditis) were identified in the lisuride adverse drug reaction database of Schering, Berlin. CONCLUSIONS: No link has been found between lisuride use and fibrotic cardiac valvulopathy, in agreement with the 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist effect of this drug. The very low incidence of spontaneous reports of any other fibrosis could be even compatible with an association by chance in the population exposed to lisuride. Although close monitoring for this kind of side effects is still to be recommended in the therapy with lisuride, our data do not support the concept of a class effect suggesting that all ergot-derived drugs and especially DA receptor agonists with some chemical similarity to the ergot structure will cause or facilitate cardiac valvulopathies as observed with pergolide.
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:58
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 9:59:46
Also noticed my first post was a bit of a mess, here's the most important stuff:
-----------------------------------------------
[Anxiolytic effects of lisuride and its agonistic action to central 5-HT1A receptors]
[Article in Japanese]Akai T, Takahashi M, Nakada Y, Ohnishi R, Ikoma Y, Yamaguchi M.
Research Department, Nihon Schering K.K., Osaka, Japan.
Abstract
Effects of lisuride, a derivative of ergot alkaloid, on central 5-HT1A receptors were investigated biochemically, behaviorally and electroencephalographically (EEG) in rats and rabbits. Effects of lisuride in water-lick conflict tests were also investigated in rats. Lisuride was found to strongly inhibit the bindings of [3H]8-OH-DPAT to 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nucleus, hippocampus, cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus of rat brain. Inhibitory effects of lisuride on bindings of [3H]8-OH-DPAT in the hippocampus was almost the same as that of 5-HT (Ki = 0.5 nM) and stronger than those of the 5-HT agonist 5-MeO-DMT (Ki = 2.1 nM) or other ergot derivatives (bromocriptine and pergolide, Ki = 3.0 nM). Lisuride (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), like 8-OH-DPAT, dose-dependently induced a 5-HT behavioral syndrome in rats. Lisuride affected locomotor activity in rats, whereas 8-OH-DPAT did not. In hippocampal EEG of rabbits, lisuride (0.01-0.03 mg/kg, i.v.), like 8-OH-DPAT and diazepam, dose-dependently inhibited rhythmical slow activity (RSA) induced by acoustical stimulation (3100 Hz) and also inhibited the RSA increased by administration of anxiogenic FG7142. In water-lick conflict tests, lisuride (0.05-0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), like diazepam, increased the number of shocks. These findings indicated that lisuride acts as a strong agonist on central 5-HT1A receptors and suggested that lisuride might be a potential anxiolytic.
------------------------------------------------
[Effects in animal models of depression of lisuride alone and upon coadministration with antidepressants]
[Article in Japanese]Nakamura K, Ikoma Y, Kimura K, Nakada Y, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi M, Nakagawa H.
Research Department, Nihon Schering K.K., Osaka, Japan.
Abstract
Effects of lisuride, a central dopamine and serotonin agonist of the ergot type, in animal models of depression were investigated in comparison with those of desipramine, mianserin and rolipram. Lisuride, like desipramine and mianserin, inhibited reserpine-induced hypothermia in mice (0.5-5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and suppressed muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats (ED50 = 0.16 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-muricidal effect was slightly enhanced by the repeated administration of 0.25 mg/kg lisuride. Lisuride (0.05-0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), like desipramine, dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility in rats forced to swim, and this effect was antagonized by haloperidol. The reduction of immobility time was enhanced by the repeated administration of lisuride; at the same time, the ambulation in rats increased. Furthermore, the immobility-reducing effects of desipramine and rolipram were markedly enhanced by the co-administration of a low dose of lisuride (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.), which by itself had no effect on the immobility time. These results indicate that lisuride may be useful for the treatment of depression and indicate that a low dose of lisuride may enhance the clinical effectiveness of antidepressants such as desipramine.
-------------------------------------------------It has been shown to be a anxiolytic/antidepressant and also that it markedly enhances the efficiacy of other antidepressants in low doses wich itself arent active.
-------------------------------------------------
Pharmacological profileLisuride is a:
5HT1A agonist
5HT1B agonist
5HT2A agonist
5HT2C agonist
5HT6 agonist
5HT7 antagonist
5HT5A didnt find yet
D2 agonist
D4 agonistAccording to the journal not significant:
5ht1e
D5
H2
D3
And interacts with several andronergic receptors.It has a short half life tough, like ritalin thats a bit of a downside.
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:59
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:03:38
As its a dopamine agonist, the same adaptation period as with other dopamine agonists can be expected, so it would take a few weeks to start fully working. It should also be slowly titrated up or the adaptation wont be fun.
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:59
In reply to Re: to crazymed, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:03:38
I'm glad lisuride isn't cardiotoxic. I became concerned after reading what you posted about 5-HT1b receptors.
- Scott-------------------------------------------------
> Pharmacological profile
>
> Lisuride is a:
> 5HT1A agonist
> 5HT1B agonist
> 5HT2A agonist
> 5HT2C agonist
> 5HT6 agonist
> 5HT7 antagonist
> 5HT5A didnt find yet
> D2 agonist
> D4 agonist
>
> According to the journal not significant:
> 5ht1e
> D5
> H2
> D3
> And interacts with several andronergic receptors.
>
> It has a short half life tough, like ritalin thats a bit of a downside.
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:41:59
In reply to Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:10:38
> As its a dopamine agonist, the same adaptation period as with other dopamine agonists can be expected, so it would take a few weeks to start fully working. It should also be slowly titrated up or the adaptation wont be fun.
My impression of DA (D2, D3) agonists is that they don't make very good antidepressants, precisely because of the brain adaptations that occur while taking them. People seem to feel better almost immediately. However, diminishing returns are then seen with continued treatment. Again, this is just a personal observation.
- Scott
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:00
In reply to Re: Also, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 10:46:04
I think that memantine will be as use for that, as NMDA antagonists have been shown to upregulate D2/D3 and 5HT1A, and indeed NMDA antagonists have been found effective for tolerance to a wide variaty of drugs.
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:00
In reply to Re: Also, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 10:46:04
> > As its a dopamine agonist, the same adaptation period as with other dopamine agonists can be expected, so it would take a few weeks to start fully working. It should also be slowly titrated up or the adaptation wont be fun.
> My impression of DA (D2, D3) agonists is that they don't make very good antidepressants, precisely because of the brain adaptations that occur while taking them. People seem to feel better almost immediately. However, diminishing returns are then seen with continued treatment. Again, this is just a personal observation.Of course, I would be extremely happy to hear from people personal experiences that contradict my impressions.
- Scott
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:00
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:49:57
> I think that memantine will be as use for that, as NMDA antagonists have been shown to upregulate D2/D3 and 5HT1A, and indeed NMDA antagonists have been found effective for tolerance to a wide variaty of drugs.
I have heard that legend told many times.
- Scott
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:00
In reply to Re: Also, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 10:51:04
Yeah some experiences regarding this med would be nice, maybe i am too excited, but this one really looks like it could have potential, and since it doesnt cause bad side effects like cardiovascular damage, id say it would be worth a try:)
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:02
In reply to Re: Also, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 10:52:33
> > I think that memantine will be as use for that, as NMDA antagonists have been shown to upregulate D2/D3 and 5HT1A, and indeed NMDA antagonists have been found effective for tolerance to a wide variaty of drugs.
> I have heard that legend told many times.
The only evidence that seems convincing is that memantine can prevent tolerance to the nociceptive properties of opioids.
- Scott
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:03
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:53:46
> Yeah some experiences regarding this med would be nice, maybe i am too excited, but this one really looks like it could have potential, and since it doesnt cause bad side effects like cardiovascular damage, id say it would be worth a try:)
I eagerly look forward to watching how people react to lisuride. It is a very interesting drug. I'm glad you posted the information about it.
- Scott
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:03
In reply to Re: Also, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 10:54:59
Well, your about to learn more about their potential!
And those are the studies looking at D2/D3 and 5HT1A density:
Chronic administration of NMDA antagonists induces D2 receptor synthesis in rat
G Micheletti, B Lannes, C Haby, E Borrelli, E Kempf, JM Warter, J Zwiller
Post to:
Twitter Facebook Linked-inDopamine D2 receptor gene expression was examined in rat striatum after chronic treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (ketamine at 15 mg/kg/day or MK-801 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/day per os, for 50 days). The long-isoform mRNA, as well as the total D2 mRNA expression were induced. No change was noticed in striatal dopamine release or turnover. D2 binding studies carried out in MK-801 chronically treated (0.3 mg/kg/day per os, for 50 days) and control rats revealed an increased receptor density in treated animals without a significant change in receptor affinity. These results suggest that the synthesis of both striatal D2 receptor isoforms is postsynaptically regulated at the transcriptional level, by events triggered by glutamate through the NMDA-type receptor.
Quote:
Effects of the NMDA-antagonist, MK-801, on stress-induced alterations of dopamine dependent behavior.
Author: Mele, A : Cabib, S : Oliverio, A
Citation: Psychopharmacology-(Berl). 1995 Feb; 117(3): 313-7
Abstract: The effects of pretreatment with the non-competitive NMDA antagonist ( )MK-801 on the behavioral alterations induced by repeated restraint stress were investigated. Repeatedly stressed (restraint stress 2 h a day x 10 days) mice showed enhanced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of a low dose of direct dopamine agonist, apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg), on climbing behavior. On the other hand, no changes were observed for the stimulatory effect of the high dose of apomorphine (3 mg/kg) on this behavioral response. Mice pretreated with MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg) before the stressful experience did not show altered response to the low dose of apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg). Finally, ten daily injections with 0.15 mg/kg MK-801 did not affect the behavioral response to the low dose of apomorphine, but enhanced the stimulatory effect of the high dose of the dopaminergic agonist on climbing behavior. Therefore, it is possible that the protective action of MK-801 against stress-induced behavioral alteration is due to changes in sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors.
Quote:
Summary. Behavioral changes have previously been reported following administrations of uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists memantine, amantadine and MK-801 for 14 days, at the doses that produce plasma levels comparable to those seen in patients (20, 100 and 0.31 mg/kg/day respectively). Using the same doses, the effect on receptor binding (autoradiography) was studied in rats. [3H]MK-801 binding was increased in the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus (35.2 and 24.3% respectively) following 3 days S.C. infusion of memantine by ALZET minipumps. One daily injection of memantine for 14 days, increased [3H]MK-801 binding in the frontal cortex by 40.3%. The same treatment with amantadine did increase [3H]raclopride binding to dopamine D2 receptors by 13.5%. None of these treatments changed the expression of muscarinic receptors. It is concluded that subchronic blockade of the NMDA receptor by uncompetitive antagonists at moderate (therapeutically-relevant) doses induced only minor changes in NMDA and dopamine D2 receptor expression.
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Decreased striatal dopamine-receptor binding in sporadic ALS: Glutamate hyperactivity?O. J. M. Vogels, MD, PhD, W. J. G. Oyen, MD, PhD, B. G. M. van Engelen, MD, PhD, G. W. A. M. Padberg, MD, PhD and M. W. I. M. Horstink, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Neurology (Drs. Vogels, van Engelen, Padberg, and Horstink) and Nuclear Medicine (Dr. Oyen), University Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. O.J.M. Vogels, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
The pathogenesis of ALS may be related to increased glutamatergic excitotoxicity. The striatum receives massive glutamatergic input. Animal studies suggest that glutamate decreases striatal D2-receptor synthesis. In drug-naďve, sporadic ALS patients we demonstrated decreased striatal D2-receptor binding in vivo that could be partially reversed by the glutamatergic transmission blocker riluzole. Our findings support the glutamatergic excitotoxicity hypothesis in sporadic ALS.
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Effect of combined treatment with imipramine and amantadine on the central dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in rats.
Rogóz Z, Dlaboga D, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M.Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. rogoz@if-pan.krakow.pl
In spite of intensive research, the problem of treating antidepressant-resistant depressive patients has not yet been solved. Our previous studies demonstrated that joint administration of a tricyclic antidepressant drug, imipramine (IMI) with the uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, amantadine (AMA), produced stronger "antidepressant" effect in the forced swimming test (Porsolt's test) than the treatment with either drug alone given. Since it has been suggested that dopamine receptors, among others, may play a role in anti-immobility effect of IMI, in the present study we examined the effect of AMA (10 mg/kg) and IMI (5 and 10 mg/kg) given separately or jointly, as a single dose or repeatedly (twice daily for 14 days) on the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the rat brain, using receptor autoradiography. Following repeated administration of AMA alone or given in combination with IMI (5 mg/kg), the binding of [3H]quinpirole (dopamine D2/D3 receptors agonist) was increased, and similar changes were observed at the level of mRNA encoding dopamine D2 receptors. We used [3H]7-OH-DPAT to selectively label the dopamine D3 receptors. This experiment has shown that AMA given repeatedly did not induce statistically significant changes in the D3 receptor binding, while IMI at both used doses, increased the [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding, and this effect was still observed after repeated joint administration of AMA with both doses of IMI. However, using both radioligands, we did not observe any synergistic or even additive effects in the binding studies after joint administration of AMA and IMI. Nevertheless, we can conclude that repeated administration of AMA, given together with IMI, induces the up-regulation of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in the rat brain, and this effect may explain their synergistic action observed in the behavioral studies involving dopaminergic transmission.Modulation of dopamine D2 receptor expression by an NMDA receptor antagonist in rat brain.
Nair VD, Savelli JE, Mishra RK.Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
The expression of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA was studied in rat brain following micro-injection of a competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist at the prefrontal cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats cannulated bilaterally into the medial prefrontal cortex were injected with a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ( /-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). The levels of mRNA for NMDA-R1 and dopamine D2 receptors were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and D2 receptor density was quantified by [3H]spiperone binding in the cortex and striatum of these animals. In the prefrontal cortex, the levels of NMDA-R1 receptor mRNA showed significant decrease in CPP-treated animals compared to control animals. However, NMDA-R1 mRNA levels in striatum remained unchanged in any of the experimental groups. The D2 receptor mRNA levels and [3H]spiroperidol binding in prefrontal cortical membranes showed no significant difference between the CPP-treated and control groups of animals. In the striatum, a significant increase in striatal dopamine D2 receptor mRNA levels was shown in animals treated with CPP. The increase in D2 mRNA level was correlated with an increase in the D2 receptor binding sites in the striatal membranes. These results suggest a possible interaction between prefrontal cortical NMDA receptors and striatal dopamine receptors.
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J Mol Neurosci. 1998 Oct;11(2):121-6.
Modulation of dopamine D2 receptor expression by an NMDA receptor antagonist in rat brain.
Nair VD, Savelli JE, Mishra RK.Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
The expression of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA was studied in rat brain following micro-injection of a competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist at the prefrontal cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats cannulated bilaterally into the medial prefrontal cortex were injected with a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ( /-)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP). The levels of mRNA for NMDA-R1 and dopamine D2 receptors were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and D2 receptor density was quantified by [3H]spiperone binding in the cortex and striatum of these animals. In the prefrontal cortex, the levels of NMDA-R1 receptor mRNA showed significant decrease in CPP-treated animals compared to control animals. However, NMDA-R1 mRNA levels in striatum remained unchanged in any of the experimental groups. The D2 receptor mRNA levels and [3H]spiroperidol binding in prefrontal cortical membranes showed no significant difference between the CPP-treated and control groups of animals. In the striatum, a significant increase in striatal dopamine D2 receptor mRNA levels was shown in animals treated with CPP. The increase in D2 mRNA level was correlated with an increase in the D2 receptor binding sites in the striatal membranes. These results suggest a possible interaction between prefrontal cortical NMDA receptors and striatal dopamine receptors.
And about 5HT1A:
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Single doses of MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, increase the number of 5-HT1A serotonin receptors in the rat brainK. Wdzony*, M. Ma
kowiak, A. Czyrak, K. Fijał and B. Michalska
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smtna Street, PL-31-343 Kraków, Poland
Accepted 22 January 1997. Available online 22 July 1997.
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on the density of serotonergic receptors of the 5-HT1A subtype and on the metabolism of serotonin in various regions of the rat brain containing terminals and cell bodies of serotonergic neurons. The binding of [3H]8-OH-DPAT to 5-HT1A serotonin receptors was increased after MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) as was shown by autoradiographic studies in the frontal, cingulate and part of enthorinal cortex, subregions of the hippocampus and raphe nuclei. The above receptor changes were observed at 2 h and, in some brain regions, at 24 h after MK-801. In saturation binding studies, an increase in the Bmax value in the rat hippocampus was found after MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) while no changes being noted in the Kd value. MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) increased the concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, respectively, at 2 and 3 or 3 h after administration, being without effect on the level of serotonin. In the dorsal raphe nucleus, MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) decreased the level of serotonin without affecting the level 5-HIAA (0.5 h after administration) or increased the level of 5-HIAA without altering the concentration of serotonin (3 h after administration). It is concluded that single administration of MK-801 may alter the density of serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors and in consequence influence the function of the central nervous system associated with activation of 5-HT1A receptors.
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:04
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 10:59:27
My first link to the SAS forum contains evidence that nmda antagonists prevent tolerance to variaty of drugs a collection of all anecdotal reports i found regarding it.
Posted by SLS on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:04
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 11:00:56
> My first link to the SAS forum contains evidence that nmda antagonists prevent tolerance to variaty of drugs a collection of all anecdotal reports i found regarding it.
Thanks for all of the information! I'll have to read it later.
Can memantine reverse tolerance after it occurs?
- Scott
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:04
In reply to Re: Also » CrAzYmEd, posted by SLS on May 23, 2010, at 11:12:07
Il give an example
User is tolerant to amphetamine, when adding memantine he will stay tolerance, however when stopping the amp the tolerance will go down faster then without memantine, and when starting amp again tolerance will go up much slower. (this is based on all the anecdotal reports.
How this will work out with lisuride i dont know, its most interesting action is the potent 5HT1A agonism, wich may not even build a rapid tolerance at all. So maybe lisuride wont even build that much tolerance. There are no reports so we dont really know.
Posted by Phillipa on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:04
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 11:17:50
When I googled it it said parkinson's, migraines, and sex I don't get why if a disease like parkinson's needs dopamine why do those with depression? Phillipa
Posted by CrAzYmEd on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:05
In reply to Re: Also » CrAzYmEd, posted by Phillipa on May 23, 2010, at 12:18:09
Not sure what your asking Phillipa but lisuride has a interesting pharmacological profile wich makes it interesting for ppl like us. While its being used for parkinson, it has potential for other things too.
Posted by Brainbeard on May 24, 2010, at 22:42:05
In reply to Re: Also, posted by CrAzYmEd on May 23, 2010, at 12:25:01
A potent 5HT1A-agonist could be a key ingredient in an antidepressant cocktail, as Dr. Stahl has marked out. An (S)SRI, a 5HT2A-antagonist and a 5HT1A-agonist, plus perhaps a D2-antagonist, make for a theoretically ideal antidepressant combo, according to Stahl.
Several potent 5HT1A-agonists never made it onto the market, since they weren't very effective as standalone drugs. I thought we were stuck with Buspar (buspirone). Lisuride could be worth its while when added to the right combo. As a standalone drug, I don't expect it to yield very impressive results. Would be glad to be proven wrong though. Will google this stuff to see if I can get it.
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