Posted by Phillipa on July 12, 2007, at 21:26:06
In reply to Re: Re more info on nameda as psych med, posted by KayeBaby on July 12, 2007, at 17:29:17
Lets see if this google works Love Phillipa
Memantine
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Memantine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-adamantane
Identifiers
CAS number 19982-08-2
ATC code N06DX01
PubChem 4054
DrugBank APRD00221
Chemical data
Formula C12H21N
Mol. mass 179.3 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ~100%
Metabolism Hepatic (<10%)
Half life 60–100 hours
Excretion Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data EU US
Pregnancy cat. B2 (Au), B (U.S.)
Legal status S4 (Au), P*M (UK), ℞-only (U.S.)
Routes Oral
Memantine is the first in a novel class of Alzheimer's disease medications acting on the glutamatergic system. Memantine was developed by Merz and licensed to Forest for the U.S. and Lundbeck for selected European and international markets. Memantine is marketed under the brands Axura® and Akatinol® by Merz, Namenda® by Forest and Ebixa® by Lundbeck.Contents [hide]
1 Pharmacology
1.1 Glutamatergic (NMDA receptor)
1.2 Serotonergic (5-HT3 receptor)
1.3 Cholinergic (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)
2 Clinical use
2.1 Indications
2.2 Adverse drug reactions
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
[edit] Pharmacology[edit] Glutamatergic (NMDA receptor)
A dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission, manifested as neuronal excitotoxicity, is involved in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Targeting the glutamatergic system, specifically NMDA receptors, offers a novel approach to treatment in view of the limited efficacy of existing drugs targeting the cholinergic system.[1]Memantine is a moderate-affinity voltage-dependent uncompetitive antagonist at glutamatergic NMDA receptors.[2] By binding to the NMDA receptor with a higher affinity than Mg2+ ions, memantine is able to inhibit the prolonged influx of Ca2+ ions which forms the basis of neuronal excitotoxicity. The low-affinity of memantine, however, preserves the physiological function of the receptor as it can still be activated by the relatively high concentrations of glutamate released following depolarisation of the presynaptic neuron.
[edit] Serotonergic (5-HT3 receptor)
Memantine acts as an uncompetitive antagonist at the 5HT3 receptor, with a potency similar to that for the NMDA receptor.[3] The clinical significance of this serotonergic activity in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is unknown.
[edit] Cholinergic (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)
Memantine acts as an uncompetetive antagonist at different neuronal nicotinic neuronal receptors (nAChRs) at potencies similar to the NMDA receptor.[4][5] It has been shown that the number of nicotinic receptors in the brain are reduced in Alzheimer's disease, even in the absence of a general decrease in the number of neurons, and nicotinic receptor agonists are viewed as interesting targets for anti-Alzheimer drugs.[6]
[edit] Clinical use[edit] Indications
Although memantine is approved for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's Disease[7] its usage has been recommended against by the UK's National Institute for Clinical Excellence.[8]Memantine has been associated with a moderate decrease in clinical deterioration in Alzheimer's disease.[9] A systematic review of randomised controlled trials found that memantine has a small positive effect on cognition, mood, behaviour, and the ability to perform daily activities in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, but an unknown effect in mild to moderate disease.[10]
Memantine is also being tested for Opioid dependence, systemic lupus erythematosus, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, glaucoma, tinnitus, neuropathic pain, and pervasive developmental disorders.
[edit] Adverse drug reactions
Memantine is generally well-tolerated.[10] Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of patients) include: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, agitation, and/or hallucinations. Less common adverse effects include: vomiting, anxiety, hypertonia, cystitis, and increased libido.[11][9]
[edit] See also
Alzheimer's disease
Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Exelon
poster:Phillipa
thread:769125
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20070710/msgs/769247.html