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Re: Just wanted to post..

Posted by Larry Hoover on November 2, 2002, at 11:48:26

In reply to Just wanted to post.., posted by judy1 on November 2, 2002, at 9:34:20

> that I take 6g/day now- whenever I start to feel suicidal ideation with depression, I start to take fish oil (it has helped in the past). I probably should consider staying on it. take care, judy

Suicidal ideation is linked to 0mega-3 deficiency. So is decreased melatonin release. Fish oil makes a good augment for any antidepressant.

Int J Clin Pract 2001 Oct;55(8):560-3

Eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment-resistant depression associated with symptom remission, structural brain changes and reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover.

Puri BK, Counsell SJ, Hamilton G, Richardson AJ, Horrobin DF.

MRI Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0HS, UK.

The n-3 essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was added to the conventional antidepressant treatment of a treatment-resistant severely depressed and suicidal male patient with a seven-year history of unremitting depressive symptoms. The niacin skin flush test and cerebral magnetic resonance scanning were carried out at baseline and nine months later. The addition of ethyl-EPA led to a dramatic and sustained clinical improvement in all the symptoms of depression, including a cessation of previously unremitting severe suicidal ideation, within one month. Symptoms of social phobia also improved dramatically. During the nine-month period the volumetric niacin response increased by 30%, the relative concentration of cerebral phosphomonesters increased by 53%, and the ratio of cerebral phosphomonesters to phosphodiesters increased by 79%, indicating reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover. Registered difference images showed that the EPA treatment was accompanied by structural brain changes including, in particular, a reduction in the lateral ventricular volume.

J Lipid Res 2002 Apr;43(4):611-7

Differential effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency on phospholipid molecular species composition in the rat hippocampus.

Murthy M, Hamilton J, Greiner RS, Moriguchi T, Salem N Jr, Kim HY.

Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, 12420 Parklawn Drive, Room 114, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

In this study, we have examined the effects of n-3 fatty acid deficient diets on the phospholipids (PL) molecular species composition in the hippocampus. Female rats were raised for two generations on diets containing linoleic acid (18:2n-6), with or without supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) or 18:3n-3 plus docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). At 84 days of age, the hippocampal phospholipids were analyzed by reversed phase HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Depleting n-3 fatty acids from the diet led to a reduction of 22:6n-3 molecular species in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PE-plasmalogens (PLE), and phosphatidylserine (PS) by 70-80%. In general, 22:6n-3 was replaced with 22:5n-6 but the replacement at the molecular species level did not always occur in a reciprocal manner, especially in PC and PLE. In PC, the 16:0,22:6n-3 species was replaced by 16:0,22:5n-6 and 18:0,22:5n-6. In PLE, substantial increases of both 22:5n-6 and 22:4n-6 species compensated for the decreases in 22:6n-3 species in n-3 fatty acid deficient groups. While the total PL content was not affected by n-3 deficiency, the relative distribution of PS decreased by 28% with a concomitant increase in PC.The observed decrease of 22:6n-3 species along with PS reduction may represent key biochemical changes underlying losses in brain-hippocampal function associated with n-3 deficiency.
J Lipid Res 1998 Jul;39(7):1397-403

N-3 fatty acid deficiency in the rat pineal gland: effects on phospholipid molecular species composition and endogenous levels of melatonin and lipoxygenase products.

Zhang H, Hamilton JH, Salem N Jr, Kim HY.

Section of Mass Spectrometry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

N-3 essential fatty acid deficiency affects a number of biological and physiological processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of n-3 essential fatty acid status on two key pineal biochemical functions, melatonin production and lipoxygenation, using pineal glands from rats given an n-3-adequate or n-3-deficient diet. The pineal total lipid profile and phospholipid molecular species distribution altered by n-3 deficiency were evaluated in parallel. In pineal glands from n-3-deficient rats, an 87% reduction of 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) was observed, and this decrease was accompanied by increases in 22:4n-6 (docosatetraenoic acid, 3-fold), 22:5n-6 (docosapentaenoic acid, 12-fold), and 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, 48%). The significant decrease of 22:6n-3 containing species in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS) was also evident. These decreases in 22:6n-3 containing PL species were compensated by substantial accumulations of 22:4n-6 or 22:5n-6 and slight increases in 20:4n-6 containing PL species in PC and PE. In PS, however, the accumulation of n-6 species was not adequate to compensate for the loss of 22:6n-3 species. N-3 deficiency significantly reduced non-esterified 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 levels in pineals (25% and 65%, respectively). Concomitantly, the endogenous 12-HETE level decreased by 35% in deficient pineals. In contrast, n-3 deficiency led to a more than 60% increase in the daytime pineal melatonin level. In conclusion, n-3 fatty acid deficiency not only has profound effects on pineal lipid profiles but also on pineal biochemical activities. These results suggest that n-3 fatty acids may play a critical role in regulating pineal function.

Am J Psychiatry 2002 Mar;159(3):477-9

Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder.

Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH.

Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

OBJECTIVE: Studies have reported that countries with high rates of fish oil consumption have low rates of depressive disorder. The authors studied a specific omega-3 fatty acid, the ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA), as an adjunct to treatment for depressive episodes occurring in patients with recurrent unipolar depressive disorder who were receiving maintenance antidepressant therapy. METHOD: Twenty patients with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder participated in a 4-week, parallel-group, double-blind addition of either placebo or E-EPA to ongoing antidepressant therapy. Seventeen of the patients were women, and three were men. RESULTS: Highly significant benefits of the addition of the omega-3 fatty acid compared with placebo were found by week 3 of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It is not possible to distinguish whether E-EPA augments antidepressant action in the manner of lithium or has independent antidepressant properties of its own.

 

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poster:Larry Hoover thread:125809
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20021101/msgs/126168.html